Date of Award
1-1-2022
Document Type
Dissertation
Degree Name
Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences
First Advisor
Soumyajit Majumdar
Second Advisor
Michael Repka
Third Advisor
Samir Ross
School
University of Mississippi
Relational Format
dissertation/thesis
Abstract
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by unicellular eukaryotic parasite of genus Plasmodium. Since ancient times, it has been affecting human populations and still is considered as one of the deadliest diseases with the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. Malaria is the disease, most common in African and Asian regions and the rate of mortality varies from 0.3% to 2.2% on global level with 11% to 30% in tropical regions of the world. Several efforts are being made to control malaria which includes various attempts to eradicate the vectors of mosquitoes, develop effective vaccines, and new anti-malarial drugs. The parasites of malaria have exhibited resistance to some extent with nearly every antimalarial drug currently available and drugs in use are associated with serious side effects. Primaquine (PQ) was introduced in 1950 and it is an only 8-aminoquinoline being used as an antimalarial medicine till in 2018 tafenoquine was registered. Primaquine is an 8-aminoquilnoline antimalarial drug, that is widely used for the treatment of malaria as it provides a radical cure for the complete elimination of hypnozoites from the liver. The use of PQ is restricted to patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency because of the severe dose related severe hemolytic side-effects. It has been approved by the FDA in the year 1952 and is considered as a radical cure for malaria. The mechanism of action of PQ is unclear however, in the recent times it has been studied that hydrogen peroxide that is produced from the metabolites of PQ is known to kill the active and dormant stages of the plasmodium parasitic species. PQ is a tissue schizonticide that also destroys the ex-erythrocytes thus preventing the relapse and recrudescence. A promising strategy to overcome the problems associated with PQ in the patients with G6PD deficiency is to develop a suitable drug carrier system. The objective of the present research was to develop and optimize the lipid nanocarriers as oral drug delivery systems for liver targetting, encapsulating PQ into the nanolipid carriers and reducing the exposure to erythrocytes leading to improved malarial chemotherapy. The purpose of the study is also to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the lipid based delivery systems.
Recommended Citation
Mehraj, Tabish, "Formulation Development, Optimization, and Characterization of Primaquine Loaded Lipid Based Nanocarriers for Liver Targeting" (2022). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2445.
https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/2445
Concentration/Emphasis
Pharmaceutical Science