Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Date of Award

12-1-2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

M.S.E.S. in Exercise Science

First Advisor

Dr. Paul Loprinzi Loprinzi

Second Advisor

Dr. Minsoo Kang Kang

Third Advisor

Dr. Rick Balkin Balkin

School

University of Mississippi

Relational Format

dissertation/thesis

Abstract

Prospective memory (PM)—the ability to remember and carry out future intentions—is essential for everyday functioning. This cognitive process involves intention formation, retention, cue detection, and execution. Emerging research suggests that physical exercise may influence prospective memory performance through potential enhancements in attention, executive functioning, and neuroplasticity. This thesis examines the relationship between physical exercise and prospective memory through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature.

This review synthesized evidence from experimental studies to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic exercise interventions on prospective memory in diverse populations. Six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the quantitative synthesis. The aggregated meta-analytic effect of exercise on prospective memory was small, negative, and statistically nonsignificant (Hedges’ g ≈ −0.11, 95% CI ≈ −0.32 to 0.11). Between-study heterogeneity was very low (τ² ≈ 0; I² ≈ 0–3%), indicating limited systematic variation across studies. Exploratory moderator analyses suggested that acute exercise protocols tended to produce slightly more favorable effects compared to chronic programs, and that event-based tasks showed somewhat greater responsiveness than time-based or self-report measures; however, none of these moderation patterns reached statistical significance and should be regarded as preliminary.

This thesis also discusses potential mechanisms—including attentional readiness, executive control, and neurobiological factors such as increased neurotrophic signaling—that may help explain why exercise could influence prospective memory under certain conditions. Although current evidence does not support a reliable overall effect, understanding this relationship may inform future behavioral strategies aimed at supporting cognitive health, particularly among aging adults or individuals at elevated risk of memory decline.

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